Jump to content

Guest, which answer was the most helpful?

If any of these replies answered your question, please take a moment to click the 'Mark as solution' button on the post with the best answer.
Marking posts as the solution will help other community members find answers to their questions quickly. Thank you for your help!

Featured Replies

Posted

I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I have

been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I really

want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to have

Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

 

Thanks,

  • Replies 108
  • Views 958
  • Created
  • Last Reply

Good question.. and here is how you should go to about it...

 

Buy Vista with DOWNGRADE rights with a Laptop that has drivers and support

for BOTH XP and Vista...

 

read the above sentence carefully!

 

With Downgrade rights you can install XP OR VISTA on the same machine (but

not at the same time)

 

for example you can install XP now that works well, and then after some time

install Vista (after the millions of bugs get removed - if ever)

 

In order to have Downgrade rights you must get Vista Business or Vista

ultimate...

 

but its best of both worlds and gives you so much flexibility...

 

 

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

>have

> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> really

> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> have

> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

> Thanks,

>

>

O meant to say

 

 

Buy a **LAPTOP** that has Vista with DOWNGRADE rights **make sure** Laptop

that has drivers and support

for BOTH XP and Vista...

 

 

"Joe cann" <joe@beerget.com> wrote in message

news:479b341b$1@newsgate.x-privat.org...

> Good question.. and here is how you should go to about it...

>

> Buy Vista with DOWNGRADE rights with a Laptop that has drivers and support

> for BOTH XP and Vista...

>

> read the above sentence carefully!

>

> With Downgrade rights you can install XP OR VISTA on the same machine (but

> not at the same time)

>

> for example you can install XP now that works well, and then after some

> time install Vista (after the millions of bugs get removed - if ever)

>

> In order to have Downgrade rights you must get Vista Business or Vista

> ultimate...

>

> but its best of both worlds and gives you so much flexibility...

>

>

> "marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

> news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

>>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

>>have

>> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

>> really

>> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

>> have

>> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>>

>> Thanks,

>>

>>

>

>

I was looking into that the other day for a friend.

There were a few XP laptops available, but they

were all relatively expensive. In looking at the

Vista laptops I noticed that a number of them had

SATA hard disks, which will present a challenge.

Then there seem to also be some hardware items,

such as newer graphic chips/cards, that don't have

XP drivers. If it were me I'd pick one or more

preferences and then research the hardware for each

before making a decision.

 

(SATA is a new standard for connecting hard disks

to the motherboard - serial ATA. I don't know of any

advantages, other than the ability to connect more

items than is possible with standard IDE connections.

On the down side, you need a specially prepared

installation CD to put XP on an SATA disk.)

 

> I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

have

> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

really

> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

have

> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

> Thanks,

>

>

"mayayana" <mayaXXyana1a@mindXXspring.com> wrote in message

news:%23fyF27BYIHA.3556@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl...

> I was looking into that the other day for a friend.

> There were a few XP laptops available, but they

> were all relatively expensive. In looking at the

> Vista laptops I noticed that a number of them had

> SATA hard disks, which will present a challenge.

> Then there seem to also be some hardware items,

> such as newer graphic chips/cards, that don't have

> XP drivers. If it were me I'd pick one or more

> preferences and then research the hardware for each

> before making a decision.

>

> (SATA is a new standard for connecting hard disks

> to the motherboard - serial ATA. I don't know of any

> advantages, other than the ability to connect more

> items than is possible with standard IDE connections.

> On the down side, you need a specially prepared

> installation CD to put XP on an SATA disk.)

>

>

>> I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

> have

>> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> really

>> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> have

>> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>>

>> Thanks,

>>

>>

>

>

>

 

You are a moron. NOTHING you just spewed out is true.

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

> I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

have

> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

really

> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

have

> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

> Thanks,

>

>

 

No...

if you do a quick google search you should find plenty of laptops that have

XP.

 

I don't know why you'd want to pay for Vista and not use it...

then purchase XP and install it. Sounds like a waste of time and money.

 

What I suggest is just purchase a laptop with XP already on it...

or else perhaps...wait for a little while and see how Vista with SP1 stacks

up.

If it gets generally good reviews...then maybe go for a Vista laptop

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

>have

> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> really

> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> have

> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

> Thanks,

>

>

 

 

Run the Vista adviser on your present laptop..

 

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/windowsvista/buyorupgrade/upgradeadvisor.mspx

 

Ignore anything regarding the hardware. If all software works other than

what was pre-installed by the OEM is ok, then go ahead and get a Vista

machine. XP will not be around forever, and sooner or later you will have to

make the change to something different. That time mat as well be now.

 

Liking an OS is very subjective, so where the views of others are useful,

you may find that you get along with it well..

 

--

Mike Hall - MVP

http://msmvps.com/blogs/mikehall/default.aspx

Hi,

 

Many companies still will install XP if asked. Select a model you like, then

contact the manufacturer directly to see if they will do the downgrade for

you as part of the purchase. Don't buy one at a store hoping to downgrade

later.

 

Keep in mind that many that are unhappy with Vista are so because they

installed it on inadequate hardware, or want to run older software that just

simply is not compatible. Personally,

 

--

Best of Luck,

 

Rick Rogers, aka "Nutcase" - Microsoft MVP

http://mvp.support.microsoft.com/

Windows help - http://www.rickrogers.org

My thoughts http://rick-mvp.blogspot.com

 

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

>have

> been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> really

> want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> have

> Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

> Thanks,

>

>

On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 05:11:01 -0800, marpa

<marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote:

>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I have

>been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I really

>want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to have

>Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

>Thanks,

>

 

No, it is not difficult. But, expect to purchase an XP license. An

OEM license (for XP Home) can be had for about $90+free shipping from

zipzoomfly. I recommend Vista for a new PC, unless you have

important legacy hardware/software. Despite negativity, Vista does

have some very good features that XP does not.

In article <#fyF27BYIHA.3556@TK2MSFTNGP02.phx.gbl>,

mayayana <mayaXXyana1a@mindXXspring.com> wrote:

>

>(SATA is a new standard for connecting hard disks

>to the motherboard - serial ATA. I don't know of any

>advantages, other than the ability to connect more

 

3x faster transfers. Simpler cabling. Smarter controllers.

Thanks Mike...I downloaded and ran the advisor as you suggested and the only

problems found were with things that I don't use...LOL So I guess I just

might give the Vista a chance after all. I did read here where somone had a

problem with his USB ports not working....I DO hope that is not a normal

thing. I DO use those frequently!

 

Thanks again for this advice! I feel more secure in the thought of Vista now.

 

 

 

"Mike Hall - MVP" wrote:

> "marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

> news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

> >I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

> >have

> > been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> > really

> > want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> > have

> > Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

> >

> > Thanks,

> >

> >

>

>

> Run the Vista adviser on your present laptop..

>

> http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/windowsvista/buyorupgrade/upgradeadvisor.mspx

>

> Ignore anything regarding the hardware. If all software works other than

> what was pre-installed by the OEM is ok, then go ahead and get a Vista

> machine. XP will not be around forever, and sooner or later you will have to

> make the change to something different. That time mat as well be now.

>

> Liking an OS is very subjective, so where the views of others are useful,

> you may find that you get along with it well..

>

> --

> Mike Hall - MVP

> http://msmvps.com/blogs/mikehall/default.aspx

>

>

>

>

>

Thank you Joe for your prompy reply. This is something I didn't realize was

an option and I will look for!

 

8)

 

"Joe cann" wrote:

> Good question.. and here is how you should go to about it...

>

> Buy Vista with DOWNGRADE rights with a Laptop that has drivers and support

> for BOTH XP and Vista...

>

> read the above sentence carefully!

>

> With Downgrade rights you can install XP OR VISTA on the same machine (but

> not at the same time)

>

> for example you can install XP now that works well, and then after some time

> install Vista (after the millions of bugs get removed - if ever)

>

> In order to have Downgrade rights you must get Vista Business or Vista

> ultimate...

>

> but its best of both worlds and gives you so much flexibility...

>

>

> "marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

> news:684166AE-859D-45CB-9A1D-C4D0FE2A2E3A@microsoft.com...

> >I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

> >have

> > been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

> > really

> > want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

> > have

> > Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

> >

> > Thanks,

> >

> >

>

>

>

>

> 3x faster transfers.

 

Hate to nit-pick, but not really true. Three times the headroom on the data

link, yes. But the bandwidth on the old ATA bus comfortably exceeds the

sustained throughput a hard disk can develop.

 

So a SATA hard drive on a SATA bus performs virtually identically to an

equivalent ATA model on an ATA bus. The only difference is in the

incredibly brief interval when the drive is being read from its internal

buffer. A SATA bus can definitely pull from that buffer faster.

 

The main benefit for SATA is its (relative) future-proofness, plus the more

compact cabling and connectors.

 

SteveT

Can't I use my XP CD that I already own? I was just wondering about all of

this before I purchase anything. Better an informed decision, you know? I

have gotten much information here to think about....and most of it was

good...LOL

 

Thank you all!

 

"Phisherman" wrote:

> On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 05:11:01 -0800, marpa

> <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote:

>

> >I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I have

> >been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I really

> >want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to have

> >Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

> >

> >Thanks,

> >

>

> No, it is not difficult. But, expect to purchase an XP license. An

> OEM license (for XP Home) can be had for about $90+free shipping from

> zipzoomfly. I recommend Vista for a new PC, unless you have

> important legacy hardware/software. Despite negativity, Vista does

> have some very good features that XP does not.

>

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:AF30C81C-B87D-408E-B988-FB232F0A7AC4@microsoft.com...

> Thanks Mike...I downloaded and ran the advisor as you suggested and the

> only

> problems found were with things that I don't use...LOL So I guess I just

> might give the Vista a chance after all. I did read here where somone had

> a

> problem with his USB ports not working....I DO hope that is not a normal

> thing. I DO use those frequently!

>

> Thanks again for this advice! I feel more secure in the thought of Vista

> now.

 

Windows Vista is a solid release. I rolled it out on all my machines (5 of

them) without any issues when it was released, the only driver missing was

for a Logitech webcam, which showed up in Windows Update after a month or

two after release.

 

A lot of the troubles I feel are brought about by computer manufacturers

installing lots of junk on the system. My sister just got a Dell laptop,

and it needed some work to trim it up to my expectations. Which you can

read about here...

http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/2008/01/24/making-a-computer-usable

 

Basic advice is always uninstall what you're sure you don't need (usually

most of it). Uninstall heavy-weight security solution like Norton or McAfee

and use the built in Windows tools like the Firewall and Defender, and

install a light-weight anti-virus solution, NOD32, or AVG.

 

--

Paul Smith,

Yeovil, UK.

Microsoft MVP Windows Shell/User.

http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/

http://www.windowsresource.net/

 

*Remove nospam. to reply by e-mail*

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:14F3B96B-0306-4276-84D8-604E686B743C@microsoft.com...

> Can't I use my XP CD that I already own? I was just wondering about all

> of

> this before I purchase anything. Better an informed decision, you know?

> I

> have gotten much information here to think about....and most of it was

> good...LOL

 

If you have a boxed retail copy you can use that as long as it isn't

installed on another machine. If it is just the disc, an OEM copy or one

that came with a machine you brought then it is licensed only for that

machine.

 

--

Paul Smith,

Yeovil, UK.

Microsoft MVP Windows Shell/User.

http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/

http://www.windowsresource.net/

 

*Remove nospam. to reply by e-mail*

On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 05:11:01 -0800, marpa

<marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote:

>I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I have

>been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I really

>want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to have

>Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>

>Thanks,

>

 

 

No it is not hard, and XP is the way to go. Unless you are getting a

high performance laptop you are going to hate Vista.

<thetruthhurts @homail.com> wrote in message

news:3simp35kbq1rgtm5pbrm29ous6u6pmbc07@4ax.com...

> No it is not hard, and XP is the way to go. Unless you are getting a

> high performance laptop you are going to hate Vista.

 

I upgraded Windows XP to Windows Vista on my "low performance" Tablet PC and

it runs great.

 

1.2Ghz Core Solo processor, 2GB of RAM 667Mhz, 4800RPM hard drive, some

Intel integrated graphics chipset.

 

By your logic everyone should just use Windows 2000, it uses even less

resources than Windows XP!

 

--

Paul Smith,

Yeovil, UK.

Microsoft MVP Windows Shell/User.

http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/

http://www.windowsresource.net/

 

*Remove nospam. to reply by e-mail*

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:6607AB50-867D-4FCD-9FD2-41751AE49DC5@microsoft.com...

> Thank you Joe for your prompy reply. This is something I didn't realize

> was

> an option and I will look for!

>

 

 

Note that only Vista Business and Ultimate have downgrade rights and only to

XP Pro. Vista Home versions do not have downgrade rights.

 

With laptops you will probably have issues finding XP drivers. If you want a

laptop with XP then buy one with XP already on it. Both Acer and Dell have

models with XP available. I am sure other brands do as well. I recommend you

go with Vista but if you want XP it is available if you do some shopping.

 

--

Kerry Brown

Microsoft MVP - Shell/User

http://www.vistahelp.ca/phpBB2/

Paul,

 

Interesting reading from your blog! And I have to say that I agree with

you, too. But sadly, I'm not a savvy at removong things as you seem to

be...lol. I do know how to use the add/remove sofware program though! 8)

(it is still on the Vista isn't it? hehehe) One question....can you explain

for me what a light-weight anti-virus solution, NOD32, or AVG is? I use

McAfee now and I agree that is a loaded program! Would like to use something

less "heavy'weight" as you say.

 

Thank you so much for your time and effort of help..

 

"Paul Smith" wrote:

> "marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

> news:AF30C81C-B87D-408E-B988-FB232F0A7AC4@microsoft.com...

> > Thanks Mike...I downloaded and ran the advisor as you suggested and the

> > only

> > problems found were with things that I don't use...LOL So I guess I just

> > might give the Vista a chance after all. I did read here where somone had

> > a

> > problem with his USB ports not working....I DO hope that is not a normal

> > thing. I DO use those frequently!

> >

> > Thanks again for this advice! I feel more secure in the thought of Vista

> > now.

>

> Windows Vista is a solid release. I rolled it out on all my machines (5 of

> them) without any issues when it was released, the only driver missing was

> for a Logitech webcam, which showed up in Windows Update after a month or

> two after release.

>

> A lot of the troubles I feel are brought about by computer manufacturers

> installing lots of junk on the system. My sister just got a Dell laptop,

> and it needed some work to trim it up to my expectations. Which you can

> read about here...

> http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/2008/01/24/making-a-computer-usable

>

> Basic advice is always uninstall what you're sure you don't need (usually

> most of it). Uninstall heavy-weight security solution like Norton or McAfee

> and use the built in Windows tools like the Firewall and Defender, and

> install a light-weight anti-virus solution, NOD32, or AVG.

>

> --

> Paul Smith,

> Yeovil, UK.

> Microsoft MVP Windows Shell/User.

> http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/

> http://www.windowsresource.net/

>

> *Remove nospam. to reply by e-mail*

>

>

dah.... I said that in my post.. thank you!

lol

 

 

"Kerry Brown" <kerry@kdbNOSPAMsys-tems.c*a*m> wrote in message

news:F03371A8-45B4-426D-B3F5-816E9942FE0A@microsoft.com...

> "marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

> news:6607AB50-867D-4FCD-9FD2-41751AE49DC5@microsoft.com...

>> Thank you Joe for your prompy reply. This is something I didn't realize

>> was

>> an option and I will look for!

>>

>

>

> Note that only Vista Business and Ultimate have downgrade rights and only

> to XP Pro. Vista Home versions do not have downgrade rights.

>

> With laptops you will probably have issues finding XP drivers. If you want

> a laptop with XP then buy one with XP already on it. Both Acer and Dell

> have models with XP available. I am sure other brands do as well. I

> recommend you go with Vista but if you want XP it is available if you do

> some shopping.

>

> --

> Kerry Brown

> Microsoft MVP - Shell/User

> http://www.vistahelp.ca/phpBB2/

>

>

>

you should NOT pay for an XP OEM liscence.. if you do what I said, you get

it FREE as DOWNGRADE rights from VISTA!

 

 

 

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:14F3B96B-0306-4276-84D8-604E686B743C@microsoft.com...

> Can't I use my XP CD that I already own? I was just wondering about all

> of

> this before I purchase anything. Better an informed decision, you know?

> I

> have gotten much information here to think about....and most of it was

> good...LOL

>

> Thank you all!

>

> "Phisherman" wrote:

>

>> On Sat, 26 Jan 2008 05:11:01 -0800, marpa

>> <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote:

>>

>> >I am looking to get a new laptop...and evrything has Vista installed. I

>> >have

>> >been doing reading and know a few people who have it and don't think I

>> >really

>> >want it. I am very happy with my windows XP. Would it be difficult to

>> >have

>> >Vista removed from laptop and then have XP installed on it?

>> >

>> >Thanks,

>> >

>>

>> No, it is not difficult. But, expect to purchase an XP license. An

>> OEM license (for XP Home) can be had for about $90+free shipping from

>> zipzoomfly. I recommend Vista for a new PC, unless you have

>> important legacy hardware/software. Despite negativity, Vista does

>> have some very good features that XP does not.

>>

No... XP is far better and feauture rich compared to win2k that was ment for

business...

 

Vista is BLOAT and CRAP rich and has nothing to offer more than flashy

trasparent theme and nice icons..

 

 

"Paul Smith" . wrote in message

news:umMvB2CYIHA.1212@TK2MSFTNGP05.phx.gbl...

> <thetruthhurts @homail.com> wrote in message

> news:3simp35kbq1rgtm5pbrm29ous6u6pmbc07@4ax.com...

>

>> No it is not hard, and XP is the way to go. Unless you are getting a

>> high performance laptop you are going to hate Vista.

>

> I upgraded Windows XP to Windows Vista on my "low performance" Tablet PC

> and it runs great.

>

> 1.2Ghz Core Solo processor, 2GB of RAM 667Mhz, 4800RPM hard drive, some

> Intel integrated graphics chipset.

>

> By your logic everyone should just use Windows 2000, it uses even less

> resources than Windows XP!

>

> --

> Paul Smith,

> Yeovil, UK.

> Microsoft MVP Windows Shell/User.

> http://www.dasmirnov.net/blog/

> http://www.windowsresource.net/

>

> *Remove nospam. to reply by e-mail*

>

>

>

"marpa" <marpa@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message

news:AF30C81C-B87D-408E-B988-FB232F0A7AC4@microsoft.com...

> Thanks Mike...I downloaded and ran the advisor as you suggested and the

only

> problems found were with things that I don't use...LOL So I guess I just

> might give the Vista a chance after all. I did read here where somone had

a

> problem with his USB ports not working....I DO hope that is not a normal

> thing. I DO use those frequently!

>

> Thanks again for this advice! I feel more secure in the thought of Vista

now.

>

>

 

 

I've done a few Vista "test" installs and though I'd still recommend waiting

until SP1 is out...

Vista does not have any USB problems that I've ever been aware of

In article <eeFMloCYIHA.4140@TK2MSFTNGP04.phx.gbl>,

Steve Thackery <nobody@nowhere.com> wrote:

>

>Hate to nit-pick, but not really true. Three times the headroom on the data

>link, yes. But the bandwidth on the old ATA bus comfortably exceeds the

>sustained throughput a hard disk can develop.

>

 

Yes, it's absolutely true that a modern hard drive can't push

enough data to fill even an ATA/66 connection. I think there are other

aspects to achievable performance in addition to simple bandwidth that

make SATA the best choice if it's available and which will (should? :-)

lead to real-world improvements. Pushing the old parallel ATA at a true

133 MB/s is not conducive to data reliability because of the poor electrical

characteristics of the parallel connection. There's also the problem of

error checking and recovery: ATA-4 provided for parity checking to data

only (but very few vendors implemented it because of cost) while SATA

implements CRC checking for command and status packets also. Part of the

problem is that until recently many "SATA" drives weren't really SATA drives

just PATA drives with a new interface. Stuff like command queueing and

first-party DMA can only happen with a true SATA ASIC. Finally, as disc

cache sizes grow discs will become more and more capable of filling that

pipe without postulating radical new technologies (IOW it could really

happen :-)

 

So while current real world SATA performance is on the order of 10%

better than the old ATA drives your observation about future-proofing is

entirely correct and that alone justifies SATA over the older scheme. And

the OP *will* see a performance improvement even using current hardware if

he looks carefully enough. (Lol :-)

Join the conversation

You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.

Guest
Reply to this topic...